Poetry Analysis Essay Summary Example For Students

Verse Analysis Essay Summary The sonnet Lockers by Eric Berger depicts the torment and difficulties a young lady experiences while at school. Two dominating topics in this sonnet incorporate harassing and weight from school work. Being a young person and knowing the way that secondary school life Is difficult, I am ready to identify with this sonnet, hence making me appreciate and acknowledge what the writer has composed. One of the most clear topics In Lockers Is scholarly weight and absence of opportunity. This is obviously represented when Berger composes: Tests, cutoff times, schoolwork pressure In the principal line of the third verse. She accepts that school Is over-burdening her and assuming responsibility for clear musings. She wants to dispose of this pressure and tension anyway she realizes that she can't, consequently she asks: Why cant those be hidden In storage spaces? . Berger utilizes the word jail as a representation to allude to the storage. She Imagines covering the Issue In a jail; a spot where the blameworthy and bad behavior are held kept. Harassing and friend pressure is another significant subject in this sonnet. This topic is exceptionally evident in the last refrain where Berger additionally communicates the segregation she feels. The line Gossiping groups and threatening glares depicts her dread of menaces and the destructive words they state. She fears contention; this is expounded through the line Jealous quarrels connected to rivalries. The expression: Loneliness, unpleasant shunning shows that the essayist is additionally frightened of dismissal and being distant from everyone else. She fantasies about locking endlessly the harassing and confinement. Berger utilizes a ton of symbolism to paint pictures in the perusers mind all through the entire sonnet. She additionally utilizes irregular words, for example, stroke to depict the waving of cockroach antennas. Her tone continuously turns out to be increasingly irate and forceful as the sonnet advances. The entryway and turn/lose the kef is utilized in the last line of each refrain. This reiteration of words interfaces the thoughts in the sonnet. It speaks to the locking ceaselessly of the negative considerations and emotions, similar to the activity of securing something a storage. Berger connects with the peruser and urges them to perceive this affiliation. This sonnet Is chiefly focused to youngsters and youthful grown-ups. It investigates the sentiments of school pressure; regardless of whether Its related with scholastics or the weight from fails. Berger viably catches these topics and effectively discusses her message with the peruser by utilizing different beautiful procedures. I appreciated this sonnet and thought that it was exceptionally straightforward the artists emotions and what she was attempting to pass on. Storage spaces (Eric Berger) Poetry Analysis By circulatory systems life isn't simple, I am ready to identify with this sonnet, along these lines making me appreciate and One of the most evident subjects in Lockers is scholarly weight and absence of weight in the primary line of the third refrain. She accepts that school is id of this pressure and uneasiness anyway she realizes that she can't, hence she asks: Why cant those be covered in storage spaces? . Berger utilizes the word jail as an analogy to allude to the storage.

Creative Writing Workshop for Public High Schools

Inventiveness is a characteristic blessing that one has even from their introduction to the world and which requires steady use or practice and proceeded with advancement for it to stay energetic and improve. Sorting out and executing a successful workshop on experimental writing will be valuable to a specific gathering of individuals focused to be very much educated on the best way to compose short and long stories just as accounts. This Creative Writing Workshop was explicitly planned and modified for open secondary school understudies the nation over on account of the little association and energy about experimental writing. This movement additionally intends to make composing and perusing a useful demonstration, if not a power propensity, for the said understudies and in the end make making composing and perusing a necessity in open secondary schools' educational program. This Creative Writing Workshop and Activities in United Kingdom is for open secondary school understudies with different interests, for example, scholarly establishments, business undertaking, human expressions, common and sociologies and different administrations which will suit one's inclination. Regardless of whether the secondary school understudy is simply starting or effectively a prepared author and simply prefer to expand their exploratory writing in new point of view, this commonsense workshop is modified to offer a sense and valuation for various classes. We are accountable for an expansive extent of experimental writing and writing. Our yearly program and creation of distributions that incorporates a site, a scope of present day exploratory writing references, and web destinations exhibit experimental writing renditions, subtleties on current inventive scholars and an internet understanding affiliations. Our most recent inclination and the focal point of regions of exercises are the advancement and improvement of experimental writing for youngsters, for example, secondary school understudies in open secondary schools. This is on the grounds that these destined to-be exploratory writing understudies, when appropriately prepared and guided, will speak to a development level in the advancement of their gathering. This new type of inventive essayists may supplant espresso and PC houses with meeting scenes and will expect standard or more normal checks later on. Besides, this workshop means that members from open auxiliary establishments will in the end go to be increasingly profitable in their composing improvement contrasted and their partners in the private secondary schools. Designed from the Brighton, England's THE SOUTH, an author's system and artistic expressions organization whose administration incorporates experimental writing, this Creative Writing Workshop was proposed for the utilization of open secondary school understudies. This specific program will be initiated by proficient imaginative and abstract essayist who are prepared in managing youngsters. Kinds of Workshop The artistic class of Poetry, experimental writing and perusing or aptitude workshops and exercises that will help an open secondary school understudy is the piece of this sort of workshop. The workshop will focus on specific journalists, or explicit abstract kinds, or about sorts, or on different subjects or requests which incorporate the characteristic science, the part of safe proliferation practice, family perspective, instructors (or the way of educating), substance misuse, neighborhood wrongdoing and racialism. Specifically, the workshop will manage explicit or single workshops or an extent of activities as a feature of the Creative Writing Week just as a blend of a media and transverse fine art workshops to stir one's innovativeness using one's scholarly or communicated articulations festivity. One's composing strategies and ability will be created and improved by utilizing an educational program which will concentrate on innovative perusing and composing workshops and where each open secondary school student’s necessities can be tended to. Also, the workshop will address experimental writing classes for employees, study-bolster staff and explicit state funded school rooms partners. In the interim, the arrangement study remembers the Writers-for Residence Project which will give the members compelling exploratory writing aptitudes and strategies, the delight of finding oneself, and a paramount and productive involvement in the composing methodology. The said venture is a five-month program drenching open secondary school understudies in the thinking, envisioning, and making of contemplations that forms an amazing exploratory writing work. The task is available to concerned and intrigued optional understudies who have introduced a novel capacity and expertise and keen on propelling them to make a full-length and distributed works. This Writer-in-Residence program facilitates crafted by an innovative essayist both in down to earth and money related perspectives. The position can be rehearsed from a half year as long as a year. During this time the author is propelled to make another exploratory writing that might be introduced when the residency closes. The residency in a manner encourages or returns something to the general public where the person remained, for example, workshop exercises, authors affiliations, and origination of inventive work strengthened by the network. The residency welcomes every single imaginative author, distributed or not, paying little heed to race, religion, nationality, age, proficient experience, sexual inclination, are of home, or monetary status. All inhabitants are picked fundamentally on the part of the unknown subtleties and composing tests gave in their applications. For more data on the choice procedure, if it's not too much trouble see ____. Workshop plan (day and scene) The gathering is happy to work in a way that best accommodates one's inclination and as per the day, time, and setting that work for the secondary school member. The different exercises inside the workshop should be possible in one's school setting, optional establishment or focus. It can likewise be directed at a better place, for example, a vault territory, workmanship exhibition, notable dwelling, or spot for explorers. The workshop's topic can be created by the inclination of the scene. This can be booked during the period when secondary school understudies are on their research project or undertaking preparing, during occasions, and in time of typical or off school and available time. The workshop can likewise assemble capacities for little gathering (limit of 10 secondary school understudies) in an assigned Workshop Room at any open secondary school. Members including the employees can participate in our normal program of open workshops and may join our socialization plan. Justification of the workshop Generally, individuals are aware of the way that correspondence, especially that is expected for print, is by and by possessed by a particular individual. Nonetheless, others view books and print materials as unreasonable to touch off one's innovativeness or they neglect to catch one's vision. This is on the grounds that they find that they don't have the opportunity to validate their own statute of exploratory writing. Motivation behind the workshop Through this workshop, we point that any open secondary school understudy, paying little mind to their age and legacy, could have the chance to be supplied and enhanced by exploratory writing. For them to have the option to show their genuine characters, either verbally or in print, and manage their thoughts and feeling. We mean that the members will have the mastery to guarantee language and own their own works and to manufacture and search their separate traits. We cause an innocuous region where secondary school understudies' looks to get a lift for them to appreciate the composed and verbal inventive works and for the said members to escape their customary ranges of familiarity and develop as master innovative essayists. Impact of the workshop Dealing and being into a work place with proficient and prepared inventive essayists will compellingly affect the members, both the secondary school understudies and their instructors. Escaping from the conventional technique for learning, the members will get the opportunity to experience and quest for instances of good and viable exploratory writing. The workshop will open a chance and lead the members to the power of experimental writing just as perusing and make oneself as somebody with power who can energize others about the excellence of exploratory writing without threatening the crowd. Beside the secondary school understudies, their educators can likewise profit as they will rise restored with new considerations on the procedure of experimental writing. Strategy For this workshop, we propose a system that will guarantee that understudies will get most extreme advantages from the exercises as far as inventive excitement, self-appearance, tutoring, learning subtleties, confidence and distribution creations. We will welcome experts in the field of experimental writing as the asset speakers or facilitators of the workshop. The speakers will direct hypothetical conversations to be trailed by open gathering where the members and the speakers can talk about the benefits of the exercises. The members will likewise be offered time to apply the workshop's standards and hypotheses. Prerequisite and result The workshop will require cautious investigation of specific necessity and result and will demand members to achieve a review/report paper. At that point, we will in the end give an adequate and adaptable workshop proposition with fitting suggestions. Since seeing an innovative work put out for public consumption implies achievement and lift to one's capacity, the workshop proposes the arrangement of all necessary help for genuine execution in the exercises and possible distribution of the works. These may incorporate the arrangement and distribution of participants’ assortment of exploratory writing papers and their video introduction. Comparative fruitful workshops Successful workshops with comparable projects including exploratory writing, abstract/verse presentation, video creations of move and road expressions workshops just as in exhibition halls and displays at various open secondary schools and networks are found in Hove, Sussex and the south of England and those experimental writing and drawing

Defending Landowners In The Grapes Of Wrath Essay Example For Students

Guarding Landowners In The Grapes Of Wrath Essay Grapes of Wrath Explain how the conduct of the Joadsshows Steinbecks perspective on the obligation of the individualto society overall. Section 14 made a fascinating point. At a certain point in the section it was expressed that a rancher lost hisfarm. As this keeps an eye on family gets their assets andheads west they get together with another family managing asimilar circumstance. Presently these two families share a commonbond. A fraternity is shaping. This is the impetus. Nolonger is it one rancher saying he lost his property yet two farmersunited saying they lost their territory. Much the sametransformation happens to the Joad family particularly to thecharacters of Ma, Young Tom, and Rose of Sharon. At theonset of the novel we see the Joad family battling just tokeep their close family together. They are engaged onjust themselves. Before the finish of this great book we fume Joad family fanning out from multiple points of view toembrace all of humankind as one major family. Mama Joads mainconcern toward the start of the story is her family. She wantsto keep the unit together and works steadily to accomplish thisgoal. Be that as it may, individuall y, relatives leave the groupfor different reasons prompting the moderate yet sure disintegrationof the Joad family. The first to go is Noah; at that point Grandpa andGrandma die;Connie strolls off and leaves Rose of Sharon;Young Tom leaves since he experiences gotten into difficulty again;and Al gets ready for marriage and chooses to go with hisfiancees family. Mama manages every misfortune as well as can be expected. Asthe story advances, we discover Ma Joad turning out to be more andmore worried about individuals outside the nuclear family. Shefeels the need to share whatever pitiful nourishment andbelongings her family has with different families enduringhardships. She saw the necessities of her own family at thebeginning of the story and before the finish of the novel, she seesthe requirements of her individual man. Youthful Tom appears to beself-focused when he if first presented. He has only leftprison in the wake of serving four years for homicide. Tom need toenjoy life witho ut limit and to be with his family. He is verydisturbed to discover the family home abandoned and almostdestroyed. He at this point has reacquainted himself with JimCasey, an ex-minister. The more Tom tunes in to Jim and hisviews on life, the spirit of man, and the partnership of mankind,the less he centers around himself and his needs. He then beginsto center around the predicament and maltreatment of the destitute ranchers. Hestarts to understand that all together for the transient specialists tosurvive and succeed they should join together. He realizes that if theyband together as one, they can request that their God-givenrights under the constitution be respected. They can start togain regard from their individual man. After Jim is slaughtered, Tomtakes up the reason for his kin. He intends to work withthem. Similarly as Jim showed him, Tom understands that man is nogood alone and that each keeps an eye on soul is only a bit of abigger one. Rose of Sharon is completely centered around herself fromthe starting. She is pregnant just because and in lovewith her significant other so her little world is finished. Sheconstantly moans about the way that she needs nutritious nourishment soher infant will be solid. She is constantly worried that whatshe does or what others do to her will hurt her infant in someway. She is so enveloped with herself and the child she iscarrying that she doesn't understand that her family is fallingapart. She whimpers and groans her way through the greater part of thebook until her infant is brought into the world dead. The passing of her childseems to change her. At the finish of the novel shebreast takes care of a withering man. To me this is representative of drinkingfrom the milk of human consideration. She gives of herself to saveanother individual. She also is finding out about thefellowship of man. All in all, as the Joad familyseemingly crumbles, they really converge in to a larger,more all inclusive family the group of man. B ook Reports .u52cf88d65e8ef451a2af873c05139703 , .u52cf88d65e8ef451a2af873c05139703 .postImageUrl , .u52cf88d65e8ef451a2af873c05139703 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u52cf88d65e8ef451a2af873c05139703 , .u52cf88d65e8ef451a2af873c05139703:hover , .u52cf88d65e8ef451a2af873c05139703:visited , .u52cf88d65e8ef451a2af873c05139703:active { border:0!important; } .u52cf88d65e8ef451a2af873c05139703 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u52cf88d65e8ef451a2af873c05139703 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u52cf88d65e8ef451a2af873c05139703:active , .u52cf88d65e8ef451a2af873c05139703:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u52cf88d65e8ef451a2af873c05139703 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: re lative; } .u52cf88d65e8ef451a2af873c05139703 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .u52cf88d65e8ef451a2af873c05139703 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u52cf88d65e8ef451a2af873c05139703 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u52cf88d65e8ef451a2af873c05139703:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u 52cf88d65e8ef451a2af873c05139703 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u52cf88d65e8ef451a2af873c05139703-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u52cf88d65e8ef451a2af873c05139703:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: 12 Angry Men Essay

Trending Essay Topics - Keeping It Simple

Trending Essay Topics - Keeping It SimpleTrends in essay topics might appear to be very straightforward. You may be tempted to write a copy of the question and answer portion of your essay, without actually writing your own essay, and then just insert the title at the end of the essay, in order to turn it into a trend, but it is a lot easier to start with a trend, and then figure out how to expand it from there.Trends are very much like other forms of templates, which you can find on the internet. If you take a look at many of the websites on the internet, you will notice that a lot of them have templates to help you build your essay in a particular format. When you look at these websites, you will see that they contain an element that looks like a question and an answer. You are supposed to fill in the blanks on the template as best you can, and then you are supposed to paste your essay in there, when it comes time to write your own essay.Now, it is possible to include your own word s on any of the themes that they offer. However, the result is that you are never going to have the advantage of writing on your own; you are going to have to fill in information from an answer that someone else has provided. It doesn't matter how good your essay may be if you have no idea what questions to ask, or what information to provide. The kind of topics that they offer are those that people are more likely to fill in, because there are usually lots of people interested in the topic.As the popularity of current topics begins to fade, trends will probably become more popular, as people will want to find fresh topics to discuss. Trends are great for teaching ideas and methods, and they are a fantastic way to get some fresh content to make it into your own book. But if you find yourself writing essays with trends in mind, it can really make your job a lot easier, because you will have some ideas about what questions to ask, and what information to provide.Now, before you begin writing, you need to realize that the first thing that you have to do is write something for yourself that you think is interesting, and then you need to type this information into an electronic journal or online writing program, and then you need to retype it in several different ways so that you have a large number of choices. Once you have the information typed into one of these programs, you need to go back and rearrange the information so that it can be presented in a different way. Then you will want to retype the article into an electronic journal or online writing program, and once you have this piece written, you are going to want to put in a trend into it, and once it is in there, you are going to want to make sure that you maintain that trend in order to continue to be popular.In order to maintain a trend, you will need to always add new things to it. If you keep adding a trend to your essay, eventually you will get a lot of comments that are not your own; you will end up on the third page of the book, or the fourth page, depending on how many items you have added to your essay. To avoid this, you need to keep adding items to your essay at a constant rate, and then you will be able to keep it from getting boring and stale. This process takes quite a while, and it might take a couple of weeks to finish the article, but it is worth it because it will make you a lot of money.Now, to put it all together, and to build up your essay topics from there, you need to find two or three trends, find a solid writer to write them, and then start writing from there. This is going to be a lot of work, but it is well worth it when you are done.

Sex and Dominance in The Ghost Road Essay - 3936 Words

Sex and Dominance in The Ghost Road Pat Barkers The Ghost Road is a masterful literary integration of sex and war. The novels protagonist, the lascivious, bisexual Billy Prior once remarks: Whole bloody western fronts a wankers paradise, a statement with far-reaching implications concerning aggression and eroticism (Barker 177). The novel concludes a successful trilogy, beginning with Regeneration (1991) and The Eye in the Door (1993). Winner of the prestigious Booker Prize Award in 1995, The Ghost Road delves into many standard Booker motifs, such as war, the British class system, memory, and childhood, but Barker revitalizes these worn subjects. With prostitutes, lecherous priests, and the naked body, she†¦show more content†¦Unlike the crying child, Prior is duly subservient to the doctors orders. Doctor Mather infantilizes Prior, calling him laddie (Barker 11). His examination by the dominating doctor reminds Prior of his childhood, and of his early sexual liaisons with men. At this early point, Ba rker leaves the reader in the dark as to Priors history as a male prostitute. Clues to this history arise throughout the first half of the novel in flashes, as memories of childhood trauma. This opening scene incorporates a variety of dynamics. First, the squad of running soldiers entices Priors sexual appetite, as do the bodies of his own men later on at the baths. This outlines the sexual and military objectification of the male physique. Second, the domineering doctor anally penetrates the passive Prior with his fingers, which Prior interprets as an intermingling of medical and sexual authority. For Prior, the line between clinical and sexual authority blurs. Later, in the baths, Priors command authority over his naked men mixes with his desire to exercise sexual authority. Third and finally, the doctor infantilizes his patient, spurring ghostly memories of childhood sexual abuse. As steeped as this scene is in sexual innuendo, this is just the beginning; Barkers booker is overripe with sexual subtexts and FoucaultianShow MoreRelatedMarriage Is A Sacred Action, And The Bondage Between Individuals Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pageswhich one individual has multipl e spouses at the same time† (Cultural Anthropology, 207). Polygamy is mostly practiced in Asia and African. Polygamy has become better known through media, such as the television show â€Å"Sister Wives.† Polygamy, like same-sex marriage, has encountered problems. According to Peter Nash Swisher, in his article â€Å"‘I Now Pronounce You Husband and Wives’: The Case for Polygamous Marriage after United States v. Windsor and Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores† he concluded, â€Å"polygamousRead More Augustan Poetic Tradition Essay4394 Words   |  18 Pagesthe poetic revolution is long over, and unrhymed, unmetered verse—free verse—has for the better part of the last century been the norm, one is justified in asking why a serious contemporary poet would be attracted to formal strains that lost their dominance some time around December 1910. To answer this question I propose to focus on one of my favorite Heaney poems, The Outlaw, from Door into the Dark (1969). The poem is written in that most untwentieth-century of verse forms, the heroic coupletRead MoreThe White Man s Burden10652 Words   |  43 Pagesfrom an Orient destined to bear its foreignness as a mark of its permanent estrangement from the West. (Said, 2003:244) The novel is pregnant with insinuations of colonial oppression and violence, which come in different forms to achieve political dominance. 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Disadvantages Of Drugs In Sports - 1102 Words

Today, sport is something that almost everyone is involved in or inspired by. When someone thinks of sport, what immediately comes into their head is winning. Nowadays, athletes are no stranger to the use of performance enhancing drugs in sports as a way to take shortcuts and beat the competition. The use of drugs in sports is wrong and creates an unfair advantage over everyone else. Moreover, it has many disadvantages and risks to the user which begs the question - what is the cost of using these drugs in sport? Performance enhancing drugs are on the rise in sports as they become more popular amongst athletes. However, most of them do not understand the threat involved in using these drugs. Performance enhancing drugs create many†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, another reason drugs should be not allowed in sports is due to the bad influence it could have on children. For children, sport is an enormous thing that consumes their life - from extracurricular activities, P.E classes at school, to parties involving sports like football. Due to their increased interest in sports, children are more likely to see and hear the news about these athletes taking drugs as acceptable practice and that it is ok for them to take them as the ‘adults’ are being allowed to. For instance, writer Jacqueline Stenson for NBC News states that, â€Å" Among students in grade 8 through 12 who admitted to using anabolic steroids in a confidential survey, 57% said professional athletes influenced their decision to use drugs and 63% said pro athletes influenced their friends’ decision to use them.† In addition to this, if they do go on to take these drugs, because of how young they are they have an even greater risk of ruining their body. As well as this, if children do start taking drugs at this young age, it will be a harder chain to break the addictiveness the drugs have on them. By allowing drugs in sports we are encouraging kids to be influenced to take drugs because of how athletes are acting. Also, it is showing children that you do not have to work hard and put time and effort into things to achieve something. Instead, you can just take shortcuts and easy ways out of things if you really want to be the best in what you do. With JacquelineShow MoreRelatedEssay about Steroids in Sports: Right or Wrong?947 Words   |  4 PagesSteroids in Sports, Right or Wrong? â€Å"We have to make some radical move to get the attention of everyone. Cheaters cant win and steroids have put us in the position that its OK to cheat.† (Lou Brock). Steroids in professional sports has became a major issue and has yet to be justified. 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There are many kinds of steroids such as anabolic steroids, humanRead MoreSports Enthusiasts Love And Enjoy Watching Their Favorite Team Play1335 Words   |  6 PagesSports enthusiasts love and enjoy watching their favorite team play. The best student athletes have the prestige of representing and playing for their universities. These student-athletes receive various opportunities from their universities in order to continue pursuing their higher education. However becoming a student-athlete often has some disadvantages such as not getting paid for their hard work and dedication in the field. Having a poor academic achievement, consuming drugs and steroids, andRead MoreThe Legalization Of Steroids Should Be Beneficial For The World Of Sport1226 Words   |  5 PagesSteroids seem to to be having a negative view for much of history. Steroids are drugs used by athletes to become stronger and achieve a strong physique. 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Structural Competition and Financial Stability †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Structural Competition and Financial Stability. Answer: Introduction: All across the globe, many kinds of changes are taking place in the operations of the firms as many types of challenges are faced by the firms. It is crucial for the management to take care of the risks that are posed to the firm in their future operations. Companies have a defined structure that helps them in bringing smoothness to their work (Durocher, Bujaki Brouard, 2016). There are several internal and external environmental forces that are influencing the business of the organisations. In order to face the issues that are present in front of the company management is taking many kinds of decisions so as to improve the organisational performance. It is also essential that firm makes strategies for achieving their strategies. BDO Australia is an international network of public accounting, consulting, tax and business advisory firm that performs professional services under the same name. This company has around 74000 workers working in 1500 offices in around 162 nations of the wo rld. It makes this company, fifth largest in the overall industry throughout the world. This essay highlights the structure of BDO as well as the environmental forces that are affecting the business of BDO. It also showcases the risks that are present in front of their business as well as the decisions they are taking for enhancing the organisational performance. Various functions that help in achieving the strategy are also illustrated in the report. Every firm has their own structure (Jones, 2011). This structure is made according to the type of work they are doing so as to bring efficiency in their work process. They have a hierarchal structure from top to down while they have parallel structure between different units. Every unit has a predefined role but are interdependent on each other. This helps them in achieving their task in the given time frame. At the top most of the organisation there is director and chairman of the board. Under them there are various executives and managers in different cities. In these cities there are unit named natural resources, automotive, corporate finance, cyber security, forensic services etc. Apart from this it is to be understood that presently it is having 1340 workers working in around 10 offices. It is also having 168 business partners. It is crucial for any company to understand the environment it is facing both internal and external. This helps the company making their strategies for operation. For BDO there are many forces that are impacting their business. Internal and External environmental forces that is impacting their business There are many political decisions that are changing in various parts of the world. This had forced the accounting firms like BDO to rethink about their ways of doing business. The rules and regulations related to the tax have changed especially after the formation of new governments in a past decade (Horngren, Harrison, Oliver, Best, Fraser Tan, 2012). To manage their operation and of their clients is a difficult task. Even after the fact that Australia is a developed nation and having higher GDP, it is affected by economic crisis that is going on in various parts of the world (AFR?SINEI GEORGESCU, 2015). Since BDO is totally having business based on the finance and hence any changes in the economic condition has a direct impact on the operations of the firm. A more customised planning is required for both company and their clients. There are huge amount of changes that are taking place in the society and hence it has become crucial for the firms to fulfil the demands of their clients (Azim, 2013). More people are coming under the tax range and larger numbers of smaller firms are demanding for consultancy regarding their financial status. This has provided higher growth opportunities for BDO. Technologies related to accounting and finance has changed. It has become crucial for the firms to make sure that they have installed best of accounting software. This will help them in providing better experience to their customers and clients. Company needs to adopt these technologies and upgrade it continuously so as to remain in the competition. The competition in the industry has risen at very fast speed this has made it difficult for the firms to ensure their long term growth (Nwogugu, 2011). In order to make sure that they tackle competition easily they need to have effective strategies for their different operations. The demands of the workers have increased especially in Australia (Xu, et al., 2013). This has made it difficult for the companies to maintain healthy employee relations by fulfilling their demands in the increasing competition. Recruitment of overseas employees in Australia has become difficult. This has also created the diversity problem at BDO. It is a serious issue as fulfilling personalised demands of each and every employee is difficult for every company. Without giving importance to these factors a higher level of growth cannot be expected. The most important demand that they need to fulfil is regarding the increasing salary demand of the workers within Australia (Xu, et al., 2011). It is also necessary that company prepares their staffs for their future endeavours. Providing them training as per the individuals requirement is a difficult task and hence company has to implement performance analysis system so as to understand the requirements of the each and every employee (Handley-Schachler, Al-Abiyad Al-Hadad, 2012). Company is thinking about reducing the cost of overall operations. This can be a difficult task as making cost cuts always results in some or the other type of dissatisfaction. It can be costly affair for this consulting firm as the employees are their biggest assets. Since this firm is highly associated with the financial affairs and hence it has become very essential for the firm to make sure that they have a good ethical laws. This will help in safeguarding the interests of the stakeholders. Corporate governance has been a critical issue for BDO Australia. Risks that currently confronts the business There are several types of risk that are directly or indirectly affecting the business of the firms (Azim, 2013). They need to understand all the risk and their impact on their business. One of the biggest risks that this firm is facing is of the cyber-attack. It has been seen that there are cyber-attacks happening in many parts of the world (Brierley Gwilliam, 2017). This has raised concern for the accounting firm such as BDO as they have many kinds of data related to the financial accounts of many clients. Hackers are in search of these data for their personal benefit. There is a severe fluctuation in the economic condition of the world (Sikka, 2015). This has created tension for the firm and their clients because of any decisions regarding the investments or transaction goes wrong there can be huge losses to the company. With the increasing tension in many parts of the globe it has become difficult for the global firm like BDO Australia to have smoothness in their operations. Cited firm has to change their global strategy as per the changing global political scenarios. Decisions that are taken by the firm to enhance their performance They have introduced a whole new training program that will help in training their employees based on the requirements they have (BDO Australia, 2017). This will also help in increasing the skill set of the employees especially for working on the new technologies (Hurtt, et al., 2013). This will assist the firm in improving its performance. Company has decided to add new financial partners in the business venture. This will help the firm in the reducing the risk due to financial instability in various parts of the world. This will help the firm in improving their strategic performance in the market. This is an important decision that will help the company in meeting the demands of various types of clients (BDO Australia, 2017). Since different clients wants different business solution hence having large number of services in their portfolio which will help them in meeting their demands. Functions within the business organisation that will assist in achieving its strategy There are many functions within the business organisation that will help them in achieving their strategy.HRM has a very crucial role in achieving the strategy of BDO since they have a critical responsibility of training the employees as well as rewarding them for their performance. They have a crucial role in implementation of strategy and hence achieving it (Lander, Koene Linssen, 2013). Training regarding the use of advanced technologies that are used in auditing and finance needs to be provided to the workers of BDO. Finance unit has the role of providing funds for achieving different strategies (Hasseldine, Holland van der Rijt, 2011). Without the help of financial unit success is hard to be achieved. They have a crucial role in deciding the ROI which is an essential metric in finding strategic success. This departments role becomes significant in the case of BDO as they have to manage the internal and their clients financial problems at the same time. Marketing department has a very essential role in achieving the strategy because they help in increasing the product sale which is necessary for the growth of the company. Marketing is always done as per the strategies made by the cited firm (Devos, 2012). Marketing will help BDO in attracting more number of clients towards their business which will further help the firm in reaching to the top. Research department plays a very essential role in the achieving of the strategy. This functional unit helps the company in doing the market research and understanding the demands of the consumers based on which they can develop their strategy or make changes in them. Since the financial up and downs can be noticed in their clients all across the globe hence BDO also need to do research so as to find innovative solutions for their clients. Conclusion On concluding this essay it can be said that BDO Australia is one of the biggest financial consultancy firm that helps their consumers in various types of business solutions. A hierarchal structure is followed by the company. Apart from this there are many internal and external forces that are impacting the business of the firm. Along with this there are many types of risks that are confronting their business. They are making several decisions for improving the performance of the organisation. Apart from this there are several functional units that help the company in achieving their strategy. References AFR?SINEI, M. B., GEORGESCU, I. E. (2015). Analysis of the Presence in Tax Havens of the Largest Accounting Firms.Audit Financiar,13(126). Azim, M. I. (2013). Independent Auditors Report: Australian Trends From 1996 to 2010.Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing,9(3), 356. Azim, M. I. (2013). Independent Auditors Report: Australian Trends From 1996 to 2010.Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing,9(3), 356. BDO Australia. (2017) Our people. [Online]. Retrieved from: https://www.bdo.com.au/en-au/our-people. BDO Australia. (2017) Publication:Global Risk Landscape 2017. [Online]. Retrieved from: https://www.bdo.com.au/en-au/insights/advisory/publications/global-risk-landscape-2017. Brierley, J. A., Gwilliam, D. (2017).Human Resource Management Issues in Accounting and Auditing Firms: A Research Perspective: A Research Perspective. Abingdon: Routledge. Devos, K. (2012). The impact of tax professionals upon the compliance behaviour of Australian individual taxpayers.Revenue Law Journal,22(1), 31. Durocher, S., Bujaki, M., Brouard, F. (2016). Attracting Millennials: Legitimacy management and bottom-up socialization processes within accounting firms.Critical perspectives on Accounting,39, 1-24. Handley-Schachler, M., Al-Abiyad, S. A., Al-Hadad, A. A. (2012). Evaluation of the suitability of international financial reporting standards (IFRSs) for application in emerging North African countries: A literature review and a research agenda.Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing,8(12), 1773. Hasseldine, J., Holland, K., van der Rijt, P. (2011). The market for corporate tax knowledge.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,22(1), 39-52. Horngren, C., Harrison, W., Oliver, S., Best, P., Fraser, D., Tan, R. (2012).Financial accounting. Melbourne: Pearson Higher Education AU. Hurtt, R. K., Brown-Liburd, H., Earley, C. E., Krishnamoorthy, G. (2013). Research on auditor professional skepticism: Literature synthesis and opportunities for future research.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,32(sp1), 45-97. Jones, M. (Ed.). (2011).Creative accounting, fraud and international accounting scandals. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Lander, M. W., Koene, B. A., Linssen, S. N. (2013). Committed to professionalism: Organizational responses of mid-tier accounting firms to conflicting institutional logics.Accounting, Organizations and Society,38(2), 130-148. Nwogugu, M. (2011). Structural Changes, Competition and Financial Stability: Accounting Firms, Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs) And Allocation Mechanisms. Sikka, P. (2015). The hand of accounting and accountancy firms in deepening income and wealth inequalities and the economic crisis: some evidence.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,30, 46-62. Xu, Y., Carson, E., Fargher, N., Jiang, L. (2013). Responses by Australian auditors to the global financial crisis.Accounting Finance,53(1), 301-338. Xu, Y., Jiang, A. L., Fargher, N., Carson, E. (2011). Audit reports in Australia during the global financial crisis.Australian Accounting Review,21(1), 22-31.

A Magical Dream Essay Example

A Magical Dream Essay My heart is pounding faster than a drum line during a college football game and I have a feeling inside my stomach as if there is a dancing leprechaun doing back flips. My family and I have arrived! I walk in slow motion with tiny steps through the tall magical gates with my head held high reading the glistering sign that says, â€Å"Welcome to the Magic Kingdom. † I whisper under my breath â€Å"I can’t believe I am here† as if I just stepped into a land of imagination. Before I could blink, I had stumbled upon the most popular character in existence! He waddles over to ruffle my hair, I yell with excitement, Mickey! I hug him as if there was no tomorrow, with a grip that could only be released if my arms were cut off. There are a total of seven themed lands in the Magic Kingdom according to the official map I hold in my sweaty palms when I extend it out towards the blistering sun for better light. I follow the arrows carefully on the signs while my eyes are glued to all the glamour around me of what is a magical dream. I stagger into the first land; Main Street USA. We will write a custom essay sample on A Magical Dream specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Magical Dream specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Magical Dream specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The more I walk, the more it seems as if I had just taken a time machine back into the early 20th century small-town America, which by the way, is inspired by Walt Disney’s boyhood and the classic movie Lady and the Tramp. As I am strolling down Main Street, I can see an old fashioned movie theatre and the smell of absolutely terrific freshly cooked dough being wrapped into a pretzel; the scrumptious taste of cotton candy disintegrating in my mouth as I feel my teeth beginning to decay. Along these old fashioned brick roads are bizarre little shops, and an antique barber shop that had just reminded me, I need to get my staggering long hair cut. The best part of this long stroll through Main Street USA is what stands at the end, Cinderella’s enchanting castle that marks the center of the park! The day has just begun and I am in the center of the park where six flawless pathways await me that lead to other additional lands. During my traveling experience through these lands, I slowly begin to see how my magical dreams are now becoming reality as I learn how to be a pirate in an encounter with Captain Jack Sparrow, playing games with obnoxious looking monsters and conquering mountains that have me reaching for the sky. My list that I have carefully well thought out and planned, is in detailed order that I must follow it accordingly. Next to visit is Liberty Square where I hear Patriotic music combined with delicious, stomach craving aromas of famous New England dishes. I now work my way through the Hall of Presidents that features every American president from past to present. The presidents are having debates with there strong-willed demanding voices as if they were still alive today. To the next stop, I climb aboard what is called the â€Å"doom buggy† and I ride through pitch blackness of happy haunts. As I am trailing through the Haunted Mansion, I hear sounds of howling and strange creaking noises. The floor beneath me is trembling while loud crackling of thunder is coming from all around me. Suddenly a mysterious Ghost host pops out who looks incredibly realistic with a green glow transparency. This jolly ghost then introduces me to his closest amusing, yet creepy looking friends. The next bridge I cross into is Fantasyland, which is the gateway to a world of make-believe and if you wish upon a star, your dreams come true. Here there are nearly three-hundred brightly costumed dolls singing and dancing making my day filled with gleaming smiles. Next, I gently glide on one of ninety prancing stallions with the wind blowing in my face as I hear magical Disney music filling the air and I whisper beneath my breath, â€Å"I can’t believe I am here. † Over the next bridge awaits Frontierland, where I discover the American pioneer spirit by land, water and rail through the mountains of the Magic Kingdom. I plunge down Splash Mountain and get utterly submerged by water, but I don’t seem to mind because it is nothing but a grinning good time. Another bridge leads to a place that has me thinking futuristic thoughts, Tomorrowland. Yes, it is a glimpse into the future! Spaceships are zooming around the extravagant illuminated galaxy and I am now piloting my own rocket ship into another galaxy that is filled with distinctive friendly aliens while we soar through space trying to save the universe with our high powered beaming lasers. Finally I reach to the last bridge of which leads to enchanted experiences, Adventure land. I journey through the channels of Pirates of the Caribbean. This is where I meet up with gnarling pirates that are trying to bring down our boat with their blaring cannons! The thick cloud of smoke that the gunpowder leaves behind, keeps my eyes narrow searching for what is next to come! It has been one long exhausting day, fulfilled with laughter and enjoyment of what I thought could only be a dream. This magical dream is ending with brilliant fireworks that paint a mesmerizing story with every aspect of color. They blaze the pure night sky of loud crackling shooting stars of wishes and magical dreams which had now come true, and I say to myself once more, â€Å"I can’t believe I am here. † A Magical Dream Essay Example A Magical Dream Essay My heart is pounding faster than a drum line during a college football game and I have a feeling inside my stomach as if there is a dancing leprechaun doing back flips. My family and I have arrived! I walk in slow motion with tiny steps through the tall magical gates with my head held high reading the glistering sign that says, â€Å"Welcome to the Magic Kingdom. † I whisper under my breath â€Å"I can’t believe I am here† as if I just stepped into a land of imagination. Before I could blink, I had stumbled upon the most popular character in existence! He waddles over to ruffle my hair, I yell with excitement, Mickey! I hug him as if there was no tomorrow, with a grip that could only be released if my arms were cut off. There are a total of seven themed lands in the Magic Kingdom according to the official map I hold in my sweaty palms when I extend it out towards the blistering sun for better light. I follow the arrows carefully on the signs while my eyes are glued to all the glamour around me of what is a magical dream. I stagger into the first land; Main Street USA. We will write a custom essay sample on A Magical Dream specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Magical Dream specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Magical Dream specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The more I walk, the more it seems as if I had just taken a time machine back into the early 20th century small-town America, which by the way, is inspired by Walt Disney’s boyhood and the classic movie Lady and the Tramp. As I am strolling down Main Street, I can see an old fashioned movie theatre and the smell of absolutely terrific freshly cooked dough being wrapped into a pretzel; the scrumptious taste of cotton candy disintegrating in my mouth as I feel my teeth beginning to decay. Along these old fashioned brick roads are bizarre little shops, and an antique barber shop that had just reminded me, I need to get my staggering long hair cut. The best part of this long stroll through Main Street USA is what stands at the end, Cinderella’s enchanting castle that marks the center of the park! The day has just begun and I am in the center of the park where six flawless pathways await me that lead to other additional lands. During my traveling experience through these lands, I slowly begin to see how my magical dreams are now becoming reality as I learn how to be a pirate in an encounter with Captain Jack Sparrow, playing games with obnoxious looking monsters and conquering mountains that have me reaching for the sky. My list that I have carefully well thought out and planned, is in detailed order that I must follow it accordingly. Next to visit is Liberty Square where I hear Patriotic music combined with delicious, stomach craving aromas of famous New England dishes. I now work my way through the Hall of Presidents that features every American president from past to present. The presidents are having debates with there strong-willed demanding voices as if they were still alive today. To the next stop, I climb aboard what is called the â€Å"doom buggy† and I ride through pitch blackness of happy haunts. As I am trailing through the Haunted Mansion, I hear sounds of howling and strange creaking noises. The floor beneath me is trembling while loud crackling of thunder is coming from all around me. Suddenly a mysterious Ghost host pops out who looks incredibly realistic with a green glow transparency. This jolly ghost then introduces me to his closest amusing, yet creepy looking friends. The next bridge I cross into is Fantasyland, which is the gateway to a world of make-believe and if you wish upon a star, your dreams come true. Here there are nearly three-hundred brightly costumed dolls singing and dancing making my day filled with gleaming smiles. Next, I gently glide on one of ninety prancing stallions with the wind blowing in my face as I hear magical Disney music filling the air and I whisper beneath my breath, â€Å"I can’t believe I am here. † Over the next bridge awaits Frontierland, where I discover the American pioneer spirit by land, water and rail through the mountains of the Magic Kingdom. I plunge down Splash Mountain and get utterly submerged by water, but I don’t seem to mind because it is nothing but a grinning good time. Another bridge leads to a place that has me thinking futuristic thoughts, Tomorrowland. Yes, it is a glimpse into the future! Spaceships are zooming around the extravagant illuminated galaxy and I am now piloting my own rocket ship into another galaxy that is filled with distinctive friendly aliens while we soar through space trying to save the universe with our high powered beaming lasers. Finally I reach to the last bridge of which leads to enchanted experiences, Adventure land. I journey through the channels of Pirates of the Caribbean. This is where I meet up with gnarling pirates that are trying to bring down our boat with their blaring cannons! The thick cloud of smoke that the gunpowder leaves behind, keeps my eyes narrow searching for what is next to come! It has been one long exhausting day, fulfilled with laughter and enjoyment of what I thought could only be a dream. This magical dream is ending with brilliant fireworks that paint a mesmerizing story with every aspect of color. They blaze the pure night sky of loud crackling shooting stars of wishes and magical dreams which had now come true, and I say to myself once more, â€Å"I can’t believe I am here. †

Giorgio Armani “Acqua di Gio” Campaign Analysis

Giorgio Armani â€Å"Acqua di Gio† Campaign Analysis Giorgio Armani â€Å"Acqua di Gio† Campaign Analysis ThÐ µ FrÐ µudian concÐ µpt of thÐ µ unconscious is foundational to psychoanalytic thÐ µory, yÐ µt its vÐ µry discovÐ µry camÐ µ about via FrÐ µud's analysis of his own and his patiÐ µnts' drÐ µams, and his analysis of thÐ µ implication of drÐ µams for waking lifÐ µ. MorÐ µ than a cÐ µntury has passÐ µd sincÐ µ FrÐ µud publishÐ µd his initial drÐ µam-thÐ µory, IntÐ µrprÐ µtation of DrÐ µams: although its idÐ µas and subsÐ µquÐ µnt rÐ µvisions havÐ µ suffÐ µrÐ µd thÐ µir own problÐ µms of accÐ µptancÐ µ and rÐ µjÐ µction, at basÐ µ thÐ µy rÐ µmain vigorous and rÐ µsiliÐ µnt Ð µnough to Ð µnlightÐ µn somÐ µ aspÐ µcts of a postmodÐ µrn world (FrÐ µud, 1997). IndÐ µÃ µd, contÐ µmporary psychoanalytic litÐ µraturÐ µ continuÐ µs to Ð µngagÐ µ with drÐ µam-thÐ µory in both clinical and cultural sphÐ µrÐ µs, just as FrÐ µud himsÐ µlf did. This papÐ µr rÐ µfÐ µrs to thÐ µ productivÐ µ possibilitiÐ µs of drÐ µam-thÐ µory t o Ð µxplorÐ µ thÐ µ cultural product of advÐ µrtising. ThÐ µ objÐ µct of this work is an advÐ µrtising campaign introducing a Giorgio Armanis pÐ µrfumÐ µ; thÐ µ Ð µntirÐ µ campaign consists of four Ð µnigmatic imagÐ µs, six Ð µnigmatic words of ad copy, and a pÐ µrfumÐ µ bottlÐ µ. In othÐ µr words, this papÐ µr discussÐ µs and analyzÐ µs Giorgio Armanis Acqua di Gio camping, focusing on this pÐ µrfumÐ µs primary channÐ µls of distribution, targÐ µt audiÐ µncÐ µ, and Ð µxplaining thÐ µ major thÐ µoriÐ µs bÐ µhind thÐ µ campaign. As FrÐ µud instructs in his work, it is advisablÐ µ... to dividÐ µ a drÐ µam into its Ð µlÐ µmÐ µnts and to find thÐ µ associatioas attaching to ... fragmÐ µnts sÐ µparatÐ µly, ThÐ µrÐ µforÐ µ, it is important to takÐ µ Ð µach imagÐ µ from thÐ µ Aqua di Gio campaign and analyzÐ µ its pÐ µrsuasivÐ µ powÐ µr and influÐ µncÐ µ on thÐ µ consumÐ µrs mind. A non-analytic rÐ µading of this campaign might focus on idÐ µas of fÐ µmalÐ µ sÐ µxuality and plÐ µasurÐ µ; an insightful rÐ µading might bring in idÐ µas of bÐ µcoming a woman. In thÐ µ first ad (FigurÐ µ 1), thÐ µ visual rÐ µprÐ µsÐ µntation shows us only part of thÐ µ woman's facÐ µ: a word that might lÐ µad to thÐ µ associatÐ µd word unwholÐ µsomÐ µ which might lÐ µad furthÐ µr to thÐ µ associatÐ µd idÐ µa that thÐ µ woman is undÐ µsirablÐ µ. This liÐ µs in dirÐ µct opposition to thÐ µ othÐ µr Ð µlÐ µmÐ µnts of thÐ µ ad, which arÐ µ concÐ µrnÐ µd with nothing but dÐ µsirÐ µ, condÐ µnsÐ µd into both a writtÐ µn word and thÐ µ woman's gazÐ µ. Is this hÐ µr dÐ µsirÐ µ, or that of anothÐ µr? Is thÐ µ dÐ µsirÐ µ as ovÐ µrt as thÐ µ gazÐ µ, or is it pushÐ µd down (rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd, unconscious) and insignificant, as thÐ µ word itsÐ µlf appÐ µars pushÐ µd down and insignificant? DoÐ µs this subordinatÐ µd position of thÐ µ word hold furthÐ µr mÐ µaning rÐ µgarding issuÐ µs of powÐ µr? NÐ µxt, thÐ µ word of dÐ µsirÐ µ is locatÐ µd on hÐ µr chÐ µÃ µk: advancing an association of chÐ µÃ µky - layÐ µring thÐ µ concÐ µpt of naughtinÐ µss or disobÐ µdiÐ µncÐ µ ovÐ µr that of dÐ µsirÐ µ and thÐ µrÐ µby giving somÐ µ possiblÐ µ justification for why thÐ µ woman might bÐ µ dÐ µsirablÐ µ - or undÐ µsirablÐ µ. ThÐ µ ovÐ µr-dÐ µtÐ µrmination of thÐ µ concÐ µpt of dÐ µsirÐ µ in all of thÐ µsÐ µ associations finally lÐ µads to thÐ µ possibility that this is not a small, insignificant dÐ µsirÐ µ, but rathÐ µr an ovÐ µrwhÐ µlming onÐ µ. In thÐ µ sÐ µcond ad, thÐ µ again croppÐ µd woman is Ð µvÐ µn morÐ µ unwholÐ µsomÐ µ: onÐ µ Ð µyÐ µ is missing from thÐ µ framÐ µ. Although shÐ µ is nakÐ µd, nÐ µithÐ µr hÐ µr posÐ µ nor hÐ µr gazÐ µ appÐ µar Ð µrotic. This lack of sÐ µxuality is supportÐ µd by thÐ µ loss of thÐ µ Ð µyÐ µ; a rÐ µprÐ µsÐ µntation of blindnÐ µss that FrÐ µud tÐ µlls us symbolizÐ µs OÐ µdipal castration. HÐ µr unclad body is womanly, in dirÐ µct opposition to hÐ µr childlikÐ µ posÐ µ; this advancÐ µs two associativÐ µ mÐ µanings: woman-child and child-woman. HÐ µr posturÐ µ might indicatÐ µ a fÐ µÃ µling of fÐ µar, but also involvÐ µs somÐ µ Ð µlÐ µmÐ µnt of sÐ µlf-soothing, as if shÐ µ wÐ µrÐ µ fÐ µÃ µling sad or abandonÐ µd. According to thÐ µ FrÐ µudian framÐ µwork, thÐ µ assumption must bÐ µ that all of thÐ µsÐ µ Ð µmotions arÐ µ prÐ µsÐ µnt. FurthÐ µr, thÐ µ location of thÐ µ ad copy A fÐ µÃ µling on hÐ µr bicÐ µp associatÐ µs thÐ µ fÐ µÃ µling with a musclÐ µ, indicating that thÐ µsÐ µ must bÐ µ strong fÐ µÃ µlings. YÐ µt whilÐ µ our attÐ µntion is on this musclÐ µ wÐ µ noticÐ µ it is slÐ µndÐ µr and undÐ µvÐ µlopÐ µd in appÐ µarancÐ µ; wÐ µ must now add thÐ µ opposing association of wÐ µaknÐ µss as wÐ µll. ThÐ µ sÐ µlf-holding posÐ µ prÐ µsÐ µnts a furthÐ µr association of inhibition, which lÐ µads us in still furthÐ µr dirÐ µctions: sÐ µxual inhibition, and (sÐ µlf) inhibition of movÐ µmÐ µnt, a drÐ µam-symbol rÐ µprÐ µsÐ µnting a conflict of will. What forcÐ µs of will arÐ µ in opposition hÐ µrÐ µ? Two idÐ µas arÐ µ callÐ µd into mind: inhibition vs. sÐ µxuality, and thÐ µ woman vs. thÐ µ child. ThÐ µ third ad (FigurÐ µ 3) is rich with sÐ µxual drÐ µam symbolism ThÐ µ young woman walks away from thÐ µ viÐ µwÐ µr into an undulating sÐ µa, arms hanging loosÐ µly at hÐ µr sidÐ µs, fingÐ µrtips brushing thÐ µ watÐ µr's surfacÐ µ, which is at an optimal lÐ µvÐ µl to pÐ µnÐ µtratÐ µ hÐ µr sÐ µxually. RÐ µcalling that watÐ µr in drÐ µam is oftÐ µn rÐ µprÐ µsÐ µntativÐ µ of malÐ µ sÐ µmÐ µn, and that thÐ µ pÐ µrfumÐ µ bottlÐ µ can stand as a symbol of thÐ µ fÐ µmalÐ µ gÐ µnitals, thÐ µ kÐ µy association hÐ µrÐ µ is that of sÐ µxual intÐ µrcoursÐ µ. NÐ µxt, thÐ µ ad copy also namÐ µs A provocation - which would litÐ µrally "stir things up." ThÐ µrÐ µ is litÐ µral Ð µvidÐ µncÐ µ for this, as thÐ µ watÐ µr is visibly agitatÐ µd around thÐ µ woman's buttocks. ThÐ µ association is clÐ µarly that of orgasm yÐ µt thÐ µ woman's loosÐ µ-limbÐ µd passivity is a visual opposition. ThÐ µ watÐ µr holds an additional mÐ µaning of lifÐ µ and birth - but thÐ µ idÐ µa of dÐ µparturÐ µ is a drÐ µam symbol for dÐ µath, and thÐ µ phrasÐ µ walk into thÐ µ sÐ µa raisÐ µs associations of suicidÐ µ. ThÐ µ associations of a strong conflict bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn sÐ µx and lifÐ µ/dÐ µath arÐ µ strong. ThÐ µ final ad (FigurÐ µ 4) rÐ µplays thÐ µ symbolism of watÐ µr as sÐ µmÐ µn, but in a diffÐ µrÐ µnt mannÐ µr ThÐ µ pÐ µrfumÐ µ bottlÐ µ rÐ µmains as a symbol of both thÐ µ fÐ µmalÐ µ gÐ µnitals and thÐ µ pÐ µnis, but thÐ µ sÐ µa of dÐ µsirÐ µ is gonÐ µ. WÐ µt sand coats thÐ µ woman's hands, facÐ µ, and hair shÐ µ has bÐ µcomÐ µ a dirty girl. This notion is rÐ µinforcÐ µd by implication: rathÐ µr than thÐ µ sÐ µmÐ µn pÐ µnÐ µtrating thÐ µ woman, it is now in Ð µvidÐ µncÐ µ as thÐ µ Ð µjaculatÐ µ product of thÐ µ sÐ µnsual sÐ µa. SÐ µx that is procrÐ µativÐ µ has no visual rÐ µsiduÐ µ; such displays arÐ µ morÐ µ associatÐ µd with masturbation and pornography, making thÐ µ woman dirty or naughty. ThÐ µ masturbatory association is furthÐ µr rÐ µinforcÐ µd bv thÐ µ woman's sand-coatÐ µd sÐ µlf-carÐ µss of hÐ µr facÐ µ. ThÐ µ association of dÐ µsirÐ µ that accompaniÐ µd thÐ µ woman's gazÐ µ in thÐ µ first ad has bÐ µÃ µn rÐ µplacÐ µd by onÐ µ of apparÐ µnt satiÐ µty or satisfaction. ThÐ µrÐ µ is a strong thÐ µorÐ µtical background bÐ µhind thÐ µsÐ µ thÐ µoriÐ µs ThÐ µ first sÐ µt of associations prÐ µsÐ µnts an ovÐ µrwhÐ µlming and rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd dÐ µsirÐ µ, ovÐ µrlaid with issuÐ µs of powÐ µr and disobÐ µdiÐ µncÐ µ. ThÐ µ sÐ µcond grouping also focusÐ µs on issuÐ µs of powÐ µr or morÐ µ corrÐ µctly, of sÐ µxual powÐ µrlÐ µssnÐ µss. ThÐ µ third sÐ µt prÐ µsÐ µnts thÐ µ conflict of sÐ µxual intÐ µrcoursÐ µ and passivity, ovÐ µrlaid by notions of lifÐ µ and dÐ µath. ThÐ µ last grouping focusÐ µs solÐ µly on satisfaction - but it is satisfaction dÐ µrivÐ µd from disobÐ µdiÐ µncÐ µ, dÐ µbasÐ µmÐ µnt, and a suggÐ µstion of pain, including thÐ µ thought that thÐ µ woman offÐ µrs hÐ µr body as a commodity for Ð µxchangÐ µ, an act of sÐ µlf-prostitution. If wÐ µ look at FrÐ µud's Еconomic ProblÐ µm of Masochism, wÐ µ find that thÐ µ pÐ µrformancÐ µs [of masochism] arÐ µ, aftÐ µr all, only a carrying-out of thÐ µ fantasiÐ µs in play thÐ µ manifÐ µst contÐ µnt is of bÐ µing... in somÐ µ way maltrÐ µatÐ µd, forcÐ µd into unconditional obÐ µdiÐ µncÐ µ, dirtiÐ µd and dÐ µbasÐ µd; furthÐ µr, thÐ µy placÐ µ thÐ µ subjÐ µct in a charactÐ µristically fÐ µmalÐ µ situation; thÐ µy signify, that is, bÐ µing castratÐ µd, or copulatÐ µd with... . To this point, it has bÐ µÃ µn dÐ µmonstratÐ µd only that drÐ µam-thÐ µory can offÐ µr an intÐ µrprÐ µtation of an advÐ µrtising tÐ µxt. Now thÐ µ following quÐ µstion must bÐ µ askÐ µd: Is thÐ µrÐ µ any mÐ µaningful association bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn this drÐ µam-informÐ µd rÐ µading and thÐ µ way thÐ µ advÐ µrtisÐ µmÐ µnt appÐ µals to its audiÐ µncÐ µ or Ð µvÐ µn its Ð µffÐ µctivÐ µnÐ µss at inducing purchasÐ µ? RÐ µmÐ µmbÐ µr that FrÐ µud in IntÐ µrprÐ µtation of DrÐ µams statÐ µd ЕvÐ µry drÐ µam rÐ µvÐ µals itsÐ µlf as a psychical structurÐ µ which has a mÐ µaning and which can bÐ µ insÐ µrtÐ µd at an assignablÐ µ point in thÐ µ mÐ µntal activitiÐ µs of waking lifÐ µ. If thÐ µ viÐ µwÐ µr of an ad is sÐ µÃ µn as acting in thÐ µ rolÐ µ of a drÐ µamÐ µr, will thÐ µ wish fulfillmÐ µnt Ð µmbÐ µddÐ µd in thÐ µ ad's disguisÐ µd drÐ µam thoughts havÐ µ a psychically activating Ð µffÐ µct? ThÐ µrÐ µ arÐ µ thrÐ µÃ µ possiblÐ µ answÐ µrs: If thÐ µ viÐ µwÐ µr is "hÐ µalthy," i.Ð µ., has no rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd wishÐ µs rÐ µgarding thÐ µ mattÐ µr, thÐ µ answÐ µr is no. If thÐ µ viÐ µwÐ µr doÐ µs havÐ µ rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd wishÐ µs about matÐ µrial, but thÐ µy arÐ µ so sÐ µvÐ µrÐ µly rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd as to bÐ µ inadmissiblÐ µ to consciousnÐ µss, thÐ µ ad will again is likÐ µly to havÐ µ no Ð µffÐ µct. HowÐ µvÐ µr, for thÐ µ viÐ µwÐ µr who possÐ µssÐ µs thÐ µ rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd wish at thÐ µ lÐ µvÐ µl of fantasy hÐ µrÐ µ wÐ µ havÐ µ a possibility that thÐ µ drÐ µam-matÐ µrial will awakÐ µn thÐ µ dormant wish and producÐ µ an action; spÐ µcifically, thÐ µ possibility of product purch asÐ µ as an Ð µxchangÐ µ of thÐ µ symptom for thÐ µ idÐ µas. In conclusion, if thÐ µ viÐ µwÐ µr of an ad is sÐ µÃ µn as acting in thÐ µ rolÐ µ of a drÐ µamÐ µr, will thÐ µ wish fulfillmÐ µnt Ð µmbÐ µddÐ µd in thÐ µ ad's disguisÐ µd drÐ µam thoughts havÐ µ a psychically activating Ð µffÐ µct? ThÐ µrÐ µ arÐ µ thrÐ µÃ µ possiblÐ µ trajÐ µctoriÐ µs: If thÐ µ viÐ µwÐ µr is hÐ µalthy, which is has no rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd wishÐ µs rÐ µgarding thÐ µ mattÐ µr, thÐ µ answÐ µr is no. If thÐ µ viÐ µwÐ µr doÐ µs havÐ µ rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd wishÐ µs about matÐ µrial, but thÐ µy arÐ µ so sÐ µvÐ µrÐ µly rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd as to bÐ µ inadmissiblÐ µ to consciousnÐ µss, thÐ µ ad will again is likÐ µly to havÐ µ no Ð µffÐ µct. HowÐ µvÐ µr, for thÐ µ viÐ µwÐ µr who possÐ µssÐ µs thÐ µ rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd wish at thÐ µ lÐ µvÐ µl of fantasy hÐ µrÐ µ wÐ µ havÐ µ a possibility that thÐ µ drÐ µam-matÐ µrial will awakÐ µn thÐ µ dormant wish and producÐ µ an action; spÐ µcifically, thÐ µ possibi lity of product purchasÐ µ as an Ð µxchangÐ µ of thÐ µ symptom for thÐ µ rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd idÐ µas.

Your Thoughts on Tone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Your Thoughts on Tone - Essay Example In â€Å"Second Home†, Haegele writes about how when she was a child, her father built her a doll house with his hands even though he could have purchased it (1). Haegele’s tone is nostalgic as she remembers how her mother told her about the way her father spent the winter nights building her the doll house. Haegele’s â€Å"Second Home† and Jackson’s â€Å"Growing up Black in the Whitest City in America† are similar in that both use a nostalgic tone to reminisce their childhood (1). Haegele remembers how her father natured her passion for playing with things that were authentic either because they had been handcrafted or been owned by others but did not spoil (1). As for Jackson, the memories are about how it was like to grow up a black boy in an almost all-white neighborhood. The difference in tones occurs when while Haegele uses an appreciative tone throughout the work, Jackson’s tone is more reflective. Haegele appreciates the fact that her father was caring enough to build her and her sister individual doll houses, Haegele is also appreciative of the fact that she can still play with objects that fascinate her, despite her age (1). Jackson uses a more reflective tone in trying to understand how he escaped the drugs, murders, and crimes that surrounded him in his youth (1). Jackson reflects that it was common sense that kept him alive and out of the penal system even when all around him were falling prey

The experience of inactive nurses returned to nursing after completing Essay

The experience of inactive nurses returned to nursing after completing a refresher course by Hammer and Craig - Essay Example The focus of the study was to highlight the experiences of nurses In Midwestern University who were returning to active service after completing independent refresher courses between the years 2000 and 2005 (Hammer and Craig, 2008). Generally, the primary purpose of the phenomenological research was to identify some of the experiences usually encountered by previously inactive nurses taking refresher courses before returning to active nursing practice. Refresher courses is one of the evidenced best practice practices that are increasingly being used in the health care system to improve the performance of professionals particularly after being inactive in the service. The researchers have effectively employed the use of a systematic inquiry and well structured methods to address some of their research questions. This is particularly important because use of evidence based practice in nursing is widely based on the previous researches. This paper critically analyzes the appropriateness of the qualitative research design used as well as the feasibility and effectiveness of the research article. Feasibility and significance of the study With regard to the feasibility and effectiveness of the research, a number of previous publications have revealed a growing shortage of nurses in our health in various healthcare institutions. ... after undergoing refresher courses is significantly important because it will provide more insight into some of the ways of mitigating the current shortage of nurses. For instance the described experiences of inactive nurses who are returning to practice can effectively be used in evidence based practice to help in the improve patient care in healthcare institutions. Appropriateness of the study design The research methodology used by the researchers has met most of the conditions necessary for research methodology congruence. For example some of the criteria adopted during the conduct of the research study included selecting participants who have successfully completed refresher courses and had been employed in active nursing for 6 month after completing the course, had time to participate in face to face interviews and were living round the research centers. In this regard, the criterion used in selecting the potential respondents not only ensured the effectiveness of the research but it also ensured that the researchers the prospective participants were best placed to effectively provide answers to some of the research questions. On the other hand, the use of face to face interviews provided the researchers with an opportunity to clarify any doubt to the participants and adapt the questions such as by rephrasing or repeating some questions. This is particularly necessary because it enables the researchers to ensure that the interview questions are well understood thereby improving the reliability of the responses. Additionally the use of face –to-face interviews also allowed the researchers to pick up nonverbal clues that may be unconsciously exhibited by the respondents. It is however worth noting that despite the effectiveness of this research method, face

2008 Summer Olympics Essay Example for Free

2008 Summer Olympics Essay Published by  © 2008 by Routledge, Taylor Francis Group. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilm, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Routledge, Taylor Francis Group, 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. IM-1826 CONTENTS Introduction Chapter 1. Introduction to Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Chapter 2. The Historical Development of Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 3. The Economics of Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Chapter 4. Audiences for Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 5. The Role of Media in Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 6. Sociocultural Perspectives on Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 7. Practicum on Sportscasting Chapter 8. The Future of Sportscasters/Sportscasting Suggestions for Teaching Sportscasting Syllabus Critical Dates Student Profile Invitation for Sportscaster Speaker 5 7 13 19 25 33 41 55 61 65 67 69 73 75 Introduction Conceived as a supplement to Sportscasters/Sportscasting: Principles and Practices, this collection of exercises adds to the pedagogical mix. Following the outline of a broad approach to understanding the topic—which includes the history, economics, audience, media, sociology, practicality, and future concerns of sports and sportscasting, it has this general outline: Chapter l. Introduction to the study of sportscasters and sportscasting Chapter 2. The historical development of sports and sportscasting Chapter 3. The economics of sports, sportscasters, and sportscasting (sports advertisers and advertising, sport tourism, sports marketing and management, the sports-media complex, sportscasters’ earnings, and sports sponsorship) Chapter 4. Audiences for sports and sportscasting (U. S. audiences, international audiences, and special events) Chapter 5. The role of the media in sports and sportscasting (print media, broadcasting, and beyond, sportscasters—the â€Å"Jockocracy† issue, sportscasters as celebrities, and sportscaster profiles) Chapter 6. Sociocultural perspectives on sports and sportscasting (pervasiveness and salience of sports, role modeling/heroes, and issues—racial and gender consideration) Chapter 7. Practicum on sportscasting Chapter 8. Future concerns and considerations about sports and sportscasting Designed for teachers and students, as well as anyone interested in the topic, the Exercises in Sportscasting includes a range of ap5 6 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING proaches. The idea here is that participants in this process will want to learn as much as they can about the subject. As you will see, each chapter offers several ways to enhance the learning process. Some chapters encourage discussions of topics with family and friends and/or in the classroom, and most are meant to get you both thinking and talking about sportscasting-related issues. There also are a number of bibliographic lists, encouraging further research on various topics, along with an approach to reporting on your reading that encourages critical thinking. Exercise 1. 4 is a â€Å"Fill in the blanks,† with the answers on the next page, as is Exercise 2. 3 â€Å"Sport history firsts,† and the essays in Exercise 2. 4 have suggested inclusions for answers. If you are interested in doing survey scholarship, there are two examples here: Exercise 4. 5 offers directions on how to get information on audiences for the Olympic Games, along with a sample and coding forms, and Exercise 5. 8 gives you a good background for interviewing sportscasters. In the hope that you use soft drinks, as suggested, you should enjoy Exercise 5. 6, â€Å"The Brent Musburger Drinking Game†Ã¢â‚¬â€ another way to monitor sportscasterspeak. There actually are a number of fun exercises here, as you will see. In terms of the practicum, you are asked to consider the field of sports journalism, examine sports cliches, construct a resume, analyze your voice, and actually practice sportscasting. As in anything else, the more you are willing to try these various activities, the more it will help you in the long run. This is, after all, only your beginning. After the exercises is a separate section focusing on the way this course has been taught in the past. It includes the following: 1. Syllabus 2. Critical Dates 3. Student profile 4. A suggested invitation for a sportscaster speaker Designed for teachers, this section is suggestive only, and is open to input—as is, in fact, this whole project. Your responses are encouraged, and I wish you well in your analysis of and/or career in sportscasting. Chapter 1 Introduction to Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Exercise 1. 1: Your Definition/Description of Sportscasting We all have our own experiences with the subject of sportscasting. Tell about yours, including your interest in the topic. At some point, give your own definition and/or description of sportscasting. In addition, what has been your personal experience with sportscasting and sportscasters? Have you met any sportscasters personally? Who are your favorites? Who are your least favorite(s)? Think about why, and share your thoughts. Exercise 1. 2: Globalization of Sports (book review) From the bibliography that follows, choose a book and critique it, including the following information: 1. The book: Full name of the title, author(s) name, when and where published and by whom, number of pages and illustrations. 2. Author(s): Who she or he is—profession, background, experience, and other publications. 3. Frame of reference: The writer’s point of view, or bias. Do you think she or he is qualified to write about this subject? Is the book based on personal experience? 4. Thesis: What is the main point here? Why do you think this book was written? Read the preface and the book jacket, if applicable. Give a brief description of the book in terms of its thesis, and give your opinion on how well it is supported. 7 8 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING 5. Evidence: What kinds of arguments does the author use, and how successfully? Do you think the facts are valid? Are the conclusions under- or overstated, and how do they stand up? 6. Contribution to knowledge: What does this book add to both your education and that of others who might read it? Who might like to read this book? 7. Your evaluation of the book: Was it well written? Well organized? Would you read more books by this author? 8. Overall personal reaction: Was reading this book and writing this book report a worthwhile experience for you? Did you discuss this book with anyone? Bibliography on Globalization Allison, Lincoln (2006). The global politics of sport: The role of global institutions in sport. Oxford, UK: Routledge. Amis, John (2005). Global sport sponsorship. Oxford, UK: Berg Publishing. Andrews, David L. (2006). Sport-commerce-culture: Essays on sport in late capitalist America. New York: Peter Lang. Baimer, A. 2001. Sport, nationalism, and globalization: European and North American perspectives. Albany, NY: SUNY. Chandler, Joan M. 1988. Television and national sport: The U. S. and Britain. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. Cronin, Mike and David Mayall (Eds. ) (1998). Sporting nationalisms. Oxford, UK: Taylor Francis, Inc. Eitzen, D. Stanley (Ed. ) (2004). Sport in contemporary society: An anthology, 7th ed. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers. Foer, Franklin. 2004. How soccer explains the world: An unlikely theory of globalization. New York: Harper Perennial. Gems, Gerald R. (2006). The athletic crusade: Sport and American cultural imperialism. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Houlihan, Barrie. 1994. Sport and international politics. NY: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Ingham, Alan G. and John W. Loy (eds. ) 1993. Sport in social development: Traditions, transitions, and transformations. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Maguire, Joseph. 1999. Global sport: Identities, societies, civilizations. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. Majumdar, Boria and Fan Hong (Eds. ) (2006). Modern sport the global obsession. Oxford, UK: Routledge. Miller, Toby, Geoffrey Lawrence, Jim McKay, and David Rowe (2001). Globalization and sport: Playing the world. London: Sage. Roche, Maurice (2001). Mega-events and modernity: Olympics and expos in the growth of global culture. London: Routledge. Instructor’s Manual 9 Sandvoss, Cornel. 2003. A game of two halves: Football fandom, television and globalisation. London: Routledge. Szymanski, Stefan and Andrew Zimbalist. (2005). National pastime: How Americans play baseball and the rest of the world plays soccer. Brookings Institution Press. Tomlinson, Alan and Christopher Young (Eds. ) (2006). National identity and global sports events. Albany: State University of New York Press. Van Bottenburg, Maarten and Beverley Jackson (2001). Global games. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. Wenner, Lawrence A. (Ed. ) (1998). MediaSport. New York: Routledge. Westerbeek, Han and Aaron Smith (2003). Sport business in the global marketplace. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Whannel, Garry (1992). Fields in vision: TV sport and cultural transformation. London: Routledge. Wilson, John. 1994. Playing by the rules: Sport, society, and the state. Detroit, MI: Wayne State UP. Exercise 1. 3: Sportscasting Firsts Lou Schwartz has put together a list of â€Å"Sportscasting Firsts, 1920Present,† available at http://www. americansporscasteronline. com, from American Sportscasters Online. Choose one of these events to research further, and feel free to add more to the list. Sept. 6, 1920 First Radio Broadcast of a Prizefight -Jack Dempsey versus Billy Miske WWJ Nov. 25, 1920 First Radio Play-by-Play Broadcast of a Collegiate Football Game Texas University versus Mechanical College of Texas WTAW Aug. 5, 1921 First Radio Broadcast of a Baseball Game-Pittsburgh Pirates versus Philadelphia Phillies Harold Arlin on KDKA Aug. 6, 1921 First Radio Broadcast of a Tennis Match Australia versus Great Britian, Davis Cup Harold Arlin on KDKA Oct. 5, 1921 First Radio Broadcast of a World Series- New York Yankees versus New York Giants Sandy Hunt and Tommy Cowan on WJZ Oct. 7, 1922 First Radio Chain Broadcast- WJZ and WGY transmitted a World Series game from the field Grantland Rice and Graham McNamee 10 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING Nov. 24, 1923 First Radio Broadcast of the Annual Army Navy football game Graham McNamee Jan. 1, 1927 First Coast-to-Coast Radio Program Univ. of Alabama versus Stanford originating from Pasadena, California, broadcast from the Rose Bowl NBC network May 17, 1939 First Televised Sports Event Columbia versus Princeton baseball Bill Stern on NBC Aug. 26, 1939 First Television Broadcast of a Pro Baseball Game Cincinnati Reds versus Brooklyn Dodgers Red Barber on W2XBS Oct. 22, 1939 First Television Broadcast of a Pro Football Game-Brooklyn Dodgers versus Philadelphia Eagles W2XBS Feb. 25, 1940 First Television Broadcast of a Hockey GameNew York Rangers versus Montreal Canadiens -W2XBS Feb. 28, 1940 First Televsion Broadcast of a Basketball Game Fordham versus U. of Pittsburgh W2XBS Sept. 30, 1947 First Televised World Series-New York Yankees versus Brooklyn Dodgers aired on three stations: WABD, WCBS, WNBT -Bob Edge, Bob Stanton and Bill Slater Oct. 3, 1951 First Coast-to-Coast Television Broadcast of a Baseball Game-NY Giants versus Brooklyn Dodgers, Game 3 of NL playoffs. Giants win on Bobby Thomson’s homerun known as the â€Å"Shot Heard ’Round the World. † Aug. 26, 1955 First Color Television broadcast Davis Cup match between Australia and the U. S. NBC July 23, 1962 First Satellite Telecast via Telstar Communications included portion of Chicago Cubs versus Philadelphia Phillies from Wrigley Field Jack Brickhouse Jan. 15, 1967 First Television Broadcast of a Football Championship- Green Bay Packers versus Kansas City Chiefs Jack Buck Nov. 8, 1972 First Sports Telecast by HBO New York Rangers versus Vancouver Canucks from Madison Square Garden reaches HBO’s 365 subscribers in Wilkes Barre, Pa. Marty Glickman Instructor’s Manual 11 Aug. 16, 1976 First Pro Football Game Outside the United States- St. Louis Cardinals versus San Diego Chargers in Japan- Jack Buck Aug. 3, 1993 First Woman to do Television Play-by-Play of a Baseball Game -Colorado Rockies versus Cincinnati Reds Gayle Gardner on KNGN-TV in Denver Exercise 1. 4: Fill in the Blanks 1. The evolution of sportscasting has gone from sports reporting for information to in terms of its profitability. 2. Sportscasting is a $ industry. 3. Television executives and advertisers are primarily interested in sportscasters who can . 4. Super Bowl hype helps draw audiences of (number) viewers with advertising costing $ per minute.at ABC is credited with helping that network become 5. known for its sports, introducing shows like Wide World of Sports in 1967 and Monday Night Football in 1970. 6. Women sportscasters, although few in number, include: , , and . 7. According to Red Barber, was the first genuine pioneer in radio sports announcing. 8. In the 1960s, the annual number of network hours of sports programming was 787; in the 1970s, 1,340; and now it is . in advertising for 9. The major networks sell about $ sports. 10. Leading sportscasters currently earn salaries of -figure incomes. 11. Sporting events created for television, such as celebrity tennis or billiards, The Skins Games, battles of network â€Å"superstars,† and shows like them are called . 12. ABC paid $ for rights to the 1984 Los Angeles Olymfor the 1988 Calgary Olympics, and NBC paid pics, $ $ for the 2006 Torino Olympics and 2008 Beijing Olympics. 13. Americans spend about % of our gross national product (GNP) on sports. 12 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING 14. Sports marketing statistics show corporate sponsorship costs of $ for endorsements from sports figures, and about on event sponsorship and participation. $ 15. My personal favorite sportscaster is: . Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Infotainment Multibillion dollar industry Draw and sustain audiences 140+ million viewers, with advertising costing $2 million per thirty seconds Roone Arledge Mary Carillo, Gayle Gardner, Robin Roberts, Lesley Visser, etc. Major J. Andrew White 24/7 ABC $1. 33 billion, CBS $1. 43 billion, NBC $472 million, ESPN $1. 16 billion and ESPN2 $219 million, Fox $1. 18 billion, and TNT $221 million. Seven â€Å"Trashsports† ABC—$225 million 1984; $309 million 1988; NBC—$1. 5 billion for 2006 and 2008 One (1) percent $900 million for endorsements, $7. 7 billion for sponsorships (students’ choice) Chapter 2 The Historical Development of Sports and Sportscasting Exercise 2. 1: Oral Histories on Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Probably the best way for you to understand and appreciate the history of sports and sportscasting is by talking to people who have experience with the past. Let me suggest that you conduct interviews with two persons—preferably one male and one female, preferably separately, preferably both born before or during World War II about their early memories with sports, sportscasters, and sportscasting. Use your own knowledge about the history, economics, politics, content trends, and sociocultural implications of radio and television in your interviews. Prompt your interviewees to remember some of their favorite early programs, performers, even advertisers. Write up a summary of your findings, including detailed descriptions on when and where the interviews were performed, how long they lasted, whether you tape-recorded responses and/or wrote them down, whether or not those responses are reported verbatim, and overall how you felt about the survey procedure. Also, provide detailed descriptions about the persons you interviewed, especially demographically. This method has proven to be a fascinating way to learn history, and old-timers really enjoy the process. Be sure to thank them for sharing their memories! Exercise 2. 2: Hype in Sports History Often, we might wonder about what is hyped in sports history, and what might be ignored. As a sports scholar, you might consider the 13 14 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING following approach to sports media criticism of television and/or film: 1. Who are the actors in this episode or series, and what roles do they play? 2. Who made the program or movie: production company, producer, director, writer, director of cinematography, and so on? Have I seen other works by these people? Is it pertinent to know and mention them? 3. Do I like this episode or movie? Why? Why not? 4. Have I been fair with this episode or movie after only one viewing, or should I see it a second time to see what I might have missed? 5. What biases might I have toward the episode or movie’s star(s), director, and/or subject matter? 6. Have I been as objective as possible? Have I used examples to support my views? Have I been prejudiced by my attitude toward the episode or movie’s theme or plot? Have I described it accurately? Exercise 2. 3: Sports History Firsts Fill in the blanks. 1. The first successful sports broadcast in the United States: 2. In baseball, this broadcast took place during its 53rd season: . 3. Describe the first World Series sportscast: ________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 4. Jack Graney, the first ex-athlete to occupy the broadcast booth, became known as: __________________________________. 5. The first Olympic Games broadcast for the American public were: ____________________________________________. 6. Davis Cup, the first tennis match, had reportage on this date: _________________________________________________. 7. The first broadcast of a college football game was: __________. 8. Radio covered the first boxing match between whom: _______. Instructor’s Manual 15 9. The first live sporting event on television was: _____________. 10. Regarding the print media, what was the first sport magazine to debut in the 1820s: __________________________________. 11. The newspaper that had the first distinct sports section: ______. 12. Name the first daily newspaper totally devoted to sports, with regional sections: ___________________________________. 13. HBO’s first regional sportscast: ________________________. 14. ESPN, the first twenty-four-hour all-sports cable network, began: _____________________________________________. 15. Ted Turner’s Goodwill Games first began: ________________. Answers 1. April 11, 1921, when the Pittsburgh Post’s sports editor, Florent Gibson, did the play-by-play over station KDKA, describing the no-decision fight between Johnny Ray and Johnny Dundee at Pittsburgh’s Motor Square Garden. 2. August 5, 1921, broadcast by Harold Arlin—Pittsburgh Pirates defeating the Philadelphia Phillies 8-5. 3. Thomas Cowan, sitting in a New York studio, recreated for the radio audience over stations WJZ and WBZ the 1921 World Series on October 5, as the New York Giants defeated the New York Yankees 5-3. Grantland Rice did the play-by-play. 4. â€Å"The Voice of the Indians,† 1932. 5. 1932 radio reports from Lake Placid for the winter games, Los Angeles for the summer games. Ted Husing provided summaries on WABC in New York. 6. August, 1921 over KDKA. 7. November 5, 1921, with Harold Arlin of KDKA covering Pittsburgh versus West Virginia; he yelled so hard at one touchdown that he knocked the station off the air. 8. Over WJY in 1921, the world heavyweight championship prize fight between Jack Dempsey and George Carpentier of France. 9. The second game of a baseball double-header between Columbia and Princeton, covered by Bill Stern out of New York’s Baker Field on May 17, 1939. 10. William Trotter Porter’s Spirit of the Times. 11. William Randolph Hearst’s New York Journal, 1895. 12. Frank DeFord’s The National, which debuted January, 1990. 16 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING 13. 1972 hockey game between the New York Rangers and Vancouver Canucks. 14. September, 1979. 15. 1986. Exercise 2. 4: Essays 1. Describe the broad trends that best depict qualifications of what makes and have made the best sportscasters over the years. 2. Trace the developments from sports journalism to sports broadcasting. 3. Discuss sportscasters themselves: as sponsors, celebrities/stars, as fans’ favorites, as former athletes (â€Å"jockocracy†), and as newscasters. 4. Outline some of the distinctions of the symbiosis between media and sport. Suggested Essay Answers 1. In the early days, voice was the most distinguishing characteristic. Review the Waldo Abbott 1941 quotation about phraseology, diction, rules, and regulations, and review some early sports journalists. The second phase of sportscasting concentrated more on knowledge of sport, and began the practice known as â€Å"jockocracy. † Currently, it appears that knowledge of television is what is critical. Consider Marty Glickman’s suggestion that succinctness, self-discipline and awareness of the action are the criteria. Still today the demographics of sportscasters remain pretty much within the purview of white males, aged thirty to fifty. It is found that local/regional sportscasters differ greatly from national network ones, the former being more involved personally with the teams. 2. Bruce Garrison shows how sports reporting is becoming more professional—list some examples. We are thought to be in the â€Å"age of realism†Ã¢â‚¬â€what Karmer (1987) calls the double whammy of electronic media and tabloid journalism, such that the rules are being rewritten. Print was revolutionized by the introduction of USA Today— especially graphics, statistics, and wide-ranging sports coverage. But so far no newspaper has caught on; even though The National was well done, sports fans today mostly depend on television and the Internet for their coverage. Television itself has revolutionized sports Instructor’s Manual 17 coverage, from ABC in the 1970s to the introduction of ESPN and other 24/7 sports channels. We have moved from game stories centered on quotes from players and coaches and postgame trips to the locker room to instant messaging and â€Å"reality† monitoring. It becomes sobering to realize how we are moving from being told about sports to choosing what stories we want to follow; in other words, we are increasingly becoming more active in the process. 3. Cite some examples of sportscasters as sponsors, and then consider the issue of how some of them become bigger than the events they are covering. Who are â€Å"homers†? Who are former athletes? Who are newsmakers? Include considerations of race, gender, homophobia, and the like. 4. What is real relative to sportscasting? What differences are there between how reportage is received from print media, radio or television, the Internet, iPods, and other technologies? Discuss various production techniques, such as slo-mo replays, time-lapse shots, telestrators, wireless microphones, cameras attached to items like pucks, and how they might determine how a story is delivered. And consider how editing and videotaping have revolutionized not only what we see but also when and how we see it—remote controls, Tivos, and general zipping and zapping of ads and programs. The potential for great sports viewing, and for learning about new sports and other countries’ sports, is outstanding—but will we settle for the same old/same old? Will we ask more from our sports, and from our sportscasters? Chapter 3 The Economics of Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Exercise 3. 1: Sports Tourism As one of the fastest-growing niche markets in the more than $500 billion tourism industry, sports tourism encourages us to participate directly, such as on ski trips, at golf or tennis camps, on theme cruises, or as spectators for events such as the Olympic Games, Super Bowl, World Cup, and the like. Tell about your own experience in sports tourism. You might want to refer to some of these books: Brabazon, Tara (2006). Playing on the periphery: Sport, identity and memory. London: Routledge. Gibson, Heather (2006). Sport tourism. New York: Routledge. Higham, James (2004). Sport tourism destinations: Issues, opportunities and analysis. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. Hinch, Thomas and James E. S. Higham (2004). Sport tourism development. Clevedon, UK: Channel View Books. Hudson, Simon (Ed. ) (2002). Sport and adventure tourism. Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press. Ritchie, Brent W. and Daryl Adair (Eds. ) (2004). Sport tourism: Interrelationships, impacts and issues. Oxon, UK: Multilingual Matters. Robinson, Tom (2004). Sports tourism: An introduction. Boston, MA: Thomson Learning. Robinson, Tom, Sean Gammon, and Ian Jones (2003). Sports tourism: An Introduction. London: Continuum. Rowe, David and Geoffrey Laurence (Eds. ) (2000). Tourism, leisure, sport, and critical perspectives. Cambridge University Press. Ryan, Chris (2003). Recreational tourism: Demand and impacts. Celevedon, UK: Channel View Publications. 19 20 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING Scarrott, Martin (Ed. ) (1999). Sport, leisure and tourism information sources: A guide for researchers. Butterworth-Heinemann. Standeven, Joy and Paul DeKnop (1999). Sport tourism. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Turco, Douglas Michele, Roger S. Riley, Kamilla Swart (2002). Sport tourism. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Van Der Wagen, Lynn (2002). Event management: For tourism, cultural, business, and sporting events. Prentice-Hall. Weed, Mike and Chris Bull (2003). Sports tourism: Participants, policy and providers. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. Exercise 3. 2: The Economics of Sports (book review) From the bibliography, choose a book and critique it, including the following information: 1. The book: full name of the title, author(s) name, when and where published and by whom, number of pages and illustrations. 2. Author(s): who she or he is—profession, background, experience, and other publications. 3. Frame of reference: the writer’s point of view, or bias. Do you think he or she is qualified to write about this subject? Is the book based on personal experience? 4. Thesis: what is the main point here? Why do you think this book was written? Read the preface and the book jacket, if applicable. Give a brief description of the book in terms of its thesis, and give your opinion on how well it is supported. 5. Evidence: what kinds of arguments does the author use, and how successfully? Do you think the facts are valid? Are the conclusions under- or overstated, and how do they stand up? 6. Contribution to knowledge: what does this book add to both your education and that of others who might read it? Who might like to read this book? 7. Your evaluation of the book: was it well written? Well organized? Would you read more books by this author? 8. Overall personal reaction: was reading this book and writing this book report a worthwhile experience for you? Did you discuss this book with anyone? Instructor’s Manual. Bibliography on General Sports Economics 21 Andrews, David L. (Ed. ) (2001). Michael Jordon, Inc: Corporate sport, media culture, and late modern America. Albany: State University of NY Press. Andrews, David L. (2006). Sport-commerce-culture: Essays on sport in late capitalist America. New York: Peter Lang. Aris, Stephen (1990). Sportsbiz: Inside the sports business. London: Hutchinson. Fizel, John, Elizabeth Gustafson, and Lawrence Hadley (Eds. ) (1999). Sports economics: Current research. Westport, CT: Praeger. Goff, Brian L. and Robert D. Tollison (eds. ) (1990). Sportometrics. College Station, TX: Texas AM UP. Gorman, Jerry and Kirk Calhoun (1994). The name of the game: The business of sports. NY: John Wiley Sons. Graham, Peter J. (Ed. ) (1994). Sport business: Operational and theoretical aspects. Madison, WI: WCB Brown Benchmark. Hofmann, Dale and Martin J. Greenberg (1989). Sports$biz: An irreverent look at Big Business in pro sports. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Klatell, David A. and Norman Marcus (1988). Sports for sale: Television, money, and the fans. New York: Oxford. Rosentraub, Mark S. (1997). Major League losers: The real cost of sports and who’s paying for it. New York: Basic Books. Sheehan, Richard G.( 1996). Keeping score: The economics of Big-Time sports. South Bend, IN: Diamond Communication. Staudohar, Paul D. and James A. Mangan (Eds. ) (1991). The business of professional sports. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. Walsh, Adrian (2006). Ethics, money sport: This sporting mammon. New York: Routledge. Weiss, Ann E. (1993). Money games: The business of sports. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. Bibliography on Law/Legal Issues Berry, Robert C. and Glenn M. Wong (1993). Law and business of the sports industries: Common issues in amateur and professional sports. Westport, CT: Praeger. Champion, Walter T. , Jr.(1993). Sports law in a nutshell. St. Paul, MN: West Pub. Cotton, Doyice J. and T. Jesse Wilde (1997). Sport law for sport managers. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt. Cozzillio, Michael J. and Mark S. Levinstein (1997). Sports law: Cases and materials. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press. Dougherty, Neil J. (1994). Sport, physical activity, and the law. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Fotiades, John M. (1989). You’re the judge: How to understand sports, torts courts. Worcester, MA: Edgeworth and North Books. 22 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING Greenberg, Martin J. (1993). Sports law practice. Charlottesville, VA: Michie Co. Greenfield, Steve and Guy Osborn (Eds. ) (2000). Law and sport in Contemporary society. London: Frank Cass. Hladczuk, John (Comp. ) (1991). Sports law and legislation: An annotated bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press. Jarvis, Robert M. and Phyllis Coleman (1999). Sports law: Cases and materials. St. Paul, MN: West Group. Jones, Michael E. (1999). Sports law. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Lowe, Stephen R. (1995). The kid on the sandlot: Congress and professional sports, 1910-1922. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press. O’Leary, John (Ed. ) (2001). Drugs and doping in sport: Socio-legal perspectives. London: Cavendish. Quirk, Charles (Ed. ) (1996). Sports and the law: Major legal cases. New York: Garland. Shropshire, Kenneth L. (1990). Agents of opportunity: Sports agents and corruption in collegiate sports. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. Tokarz, Karen (1986). Women, sports, and the law: A comprehensive research guide to sex discrimination in sports. Buffalo, NY: W. S. Hein. Weiler, Paul C. (2000). Leveling the playing field: How the law can makes Sports better for the fans. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP. Weiler, Paul C. and Gary R. Roberts (1993). Cases, materials and problems on sports and the law. St. Paul, MN: West Pub. Wong, Glenn M. (1994). Essentials of amateur sports law. Westport, CT: Praeger. Wong, Glenn M. and T. Jesse Wilde (1994). The sport lawyer’s guide to legal periodicals: An annotated bibliography. Buffalo, NY: W. S. Hein. Yasser, Raymond L. (1985) Torts and sports: Legal liability in professional and amateur athletics. Westport, CT: Quorum Books. Yasser, Ray, James R. McCurdy, and C. Peter Goplerud (1990). Sports law: Cases and materials. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson. Bibliography on Sports Marketing/Management Brooks, Christine M. (1994). Sports marketing: Competitive business strategies for sports. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Cuneen, Jacquelyn and M. Joy Sidwell (1994). Sport management Field experiences. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. DeSensi, Joy T. and Danny Rosenberg (1996). Ethics in sports management. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Graham, Stedman, Joe Jeff Goldblatt, and Lisa Delphy Neirotti (2001). The ultimate guide to sports marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill. Howard, Dennis R. and John L. Crampton (1995). Financing sport. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Jones, Ian (2003). Research methods for sports studies. New York: Routledge. Instructor’s Manual 23 Masteralexis, Lida Pike, Carol A. Barr, and Mary A. Hums (Eds. ) (2004). Principles and practices of sports management. 2nd ed. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen. McDonald, Mark A. and George R. Milne (1999). Cases in sports marketing. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Miller, Lorik (1997). Sport business management. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen. Milne, George R. and Mark A. McDonald (1999). Sports management: Managing the exchange process. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Mullin, Bernard J. , Stephen Hardy, and William A. Sutton (1993). Sport marketing. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.